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   Diodes, Germanium

In electronics, a diode is a component that restricts the direction of movement of charge carriers. Essentially, it allows an electric current to flow in one direction, but blocks it in the opposite direction. Thus, the diode can be thought of as an electronic version of a check valve. Circuits that require current flow in only one direction will typically include one or more diodes in the circuit design.

Early diodes included "cat's whisker" crystals and vacuum tube devices (called thermionic valves in British English). Today the most common diodes are made from semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium.



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PD-LD, Inc.
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Semiconwell
Fixed and programmable amplifiers - Frequency Devices

 

Books
Germanium: A New Approach to Immunity
Betty Kamen

Excerpt - page 2: "... coal deposits, and the earth's crust. He called the substance germanium. If you are old enough to have assembled a crystal radio in your youth, you may remember the germanium diode crystal, the active ingredient that was responsible for bringing in ..."
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Silicon Quantum Integrated Circuits: Silicon-Germanium Heterostructure Devices: Basics and Realisations (NanoScience and Technology)
E. Kasper and D.J. Paul

Excerpt - page 251: "... optimise the properties of SiGe RTDs. 8.2.5 Inter-band Esaki Tunnel Diodes The Esaki tunnel diode dates ... of a degenerately doped p-n germanium diode. He explained the effect in terms of quantum mechanical ..."
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Electron-hole instabilities in non-uniform germanium diodes, (ELAB report, AE-159)
Arne Nesheim

Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Diode Frequency Multipliers (Artech House Microwave Library)
Marek T. Faber, Jerzy Chramiec, and Miroslaw E. Adamski

Excerpt - page 1: "... obtain and utilize the harmonics of a fundamental frequency signal. Germanium and silicon point-contact diodes were experimentally evaluated as microwave frequency multipliers during World War ..."
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Silicon-Germanium Strained Layers and Heterostructures, Volume 74: Semi-conductor and semi-metals series (Semiconductors and Semimetals)
Suresh Jain and M Willander

Excerpt - page 241: "... Effect Transistors (BICFETs) and Mixed Tunnelling Avalanche Transit Time (MITATT) diodes. contact ..."
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50 Circuits Using Germanium, Silicon and Zener Diodes (Bernard Babani Publishing Radio and Electronics Books)
R. Soar

Electron tunneling in diodes of aluminum-aluminum oxide-germanium (amorphous films) (Technical report) (Technical report)
Steven David Mittleman

Improved infrared response technique for detecting defects and impurities in germanium and silicon p-i-n diodes (Semiconductor measurement technology)
Alvin H Sher

Light-Emitting Diodes
E. Fred Schubert

Excerpt - page 54: "... and Shockley W. "Photon-radiative recombination of electrons and holes in germanium" Phys. Rev. 94, 1558 (1954) 54 ..."
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Applications of Silicon-Germanium Heterostructure Devices (Series in Optics and Optoelectronics)
C.K Maiti and G.A Armstrong

Excerpt - page 181: "... effects upon the smallsignal and steady-state properties of the Schottky diodes Solid-State Electron. 16 1141 50 ..."
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Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors
John D. Cressler and Guofu Niu

Germanium Silicon: Physics & Materials (Semiconductors and Semimetals)
Robert Hull and John C. Bean

Nitride Semiconductor Blue Lasers and Light Emitting Diodes
Shuji Nakamura and Shigefusa F. Chichibu

Silicon Germanium Materials & Devices - A Market & Technology Overview to 2006
R. Szweda

A method of making thin-window germanium detectors (UCRL-16480) (UCRL-16480)
Fred S Goulding

Use of an intrinsic germanium detector array for an aerial survey of surface nuclear radiation (GJBX) (GJBX)
Keith W Marlow

Applications and optimization of the lithiumdrifted germanium detector system
D. C Camp

Neutron energy determination with a high-purity germanium detector (SuDoc NAS 1.26:192773)
Gene A. Beck

Theory and fabrication of ultra-pure germanium detectors for gamma-camera applications (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Thesis. 1977. M.S) (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electr
Babar Ali Khan

Comparison of germanium detectors for neutron activation analysis for mercury (Environmental protection technology series) (Environmental protection technology series)
Robert V Moore

Processing techniques for an ultra-pure germanium gamma camera detector (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Thesis. 1976. Elec. E) (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engine
Robert Nathan Klein

Application of germanium detectors to environmental monitoring (Interagency energy/environment research and development program report ; EPA-600/7-79-054)
Dale W Nix

Effects of zinc concentration on output of zinc-doped germanium detectors (NASA technical note) (NASA technical note)
Wilfred D Hesketh

Sneaky Uses for Everyday Things: How to Turn a Penny into a Radio, Make a Flood Alarm with an Aspirin, Change
Cy Tymony

Excerpt - page 60: "... radio requires electronic components , such as a crystal or germanium diode to act as a detector. This involves going out to ..."
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High-Power Audio Amplifier Construction Manual
G. Randy Slone

Excerpt - page 198: "... be said for it. In reality, the temperature characteristics of diodes do not match very well ... of resistors, silicon diodes, and germanium diodes. None of these methods provided accurate thermal tracking. The ..."
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Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics, Fourth Edition (Teach Yourself)
Stan Gibilisco

Excerpt - page 316: "... better than com- ponents made with most other semiconductor materials. Germanium Pure elemental germanium is a ... of semiconductor technol- ogy. Some diodes and transistors still use it. A germanium diode has a ..."
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Gonzo Gizmos: Projects & Devices to Channel Your Inner Geek
Simon Quellen Field and Simon Field

Excerpt - page 86: "... wire, since it is easier to remove the insulation.) A germanium diode (Most stores that sell electronic parts have these. They are ..."
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Understanding Automotive Electronics, Sixth Edition (Sams Understanding Series)
William Ribbens

Excerpt - page 79: "... There are many types of semiconductor devices, but transistors and diodes are two of the most ... earliest transistors were made from germanium, but today silicon is are made from silicon by far ..."
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How to Test Almost Anything Electronic
Delton T. Horn

Excerpt - page 251: "... forward-bias voltage is typically very small -about 0.3 V for germanium diodes and about 0.7 V for silicone diodes. On the other ..."
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Mechatronics for the Evil Genius (Evil Genius)
Newton C. Braga

Excerpt - page 79: "... transistor D I I N34 or I N6() or any germanium diode R 1 4.7 MU X 1/8-watt resistor (yellow, vio- let, ..."
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Practical Electronics for Inventors
Paul Scherz

Excerpt - page 130: "... how the current and voltage are related for silicon and germanium diodes. FIGURE 4.12 Door") When a diode is connected to a ..."
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Infrared Detectors and Systems (Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics)
E. L. Dereniak and G. D. Boreman

Excerpt - page 295: "... Figure 7.41. Mesa construction of a Ge photodiode. Finished Ge diode Germanium photodiodes are readily made in areas ranging from 0.05 to ..."
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Tab Electronics Guide to Understanding Electricity and Electronics
G. Randy Slone

Excerpt - page 118: "... voltage (about 0.7 volt if silicon, and 0.3 volt if germanium), the diode will freely pass current almost like a closed switch. This ..."
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Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
Dave Hunter

Excerpt - page 85: "... differences. The Rat uses a pair of I N4148 silicon diodes rather than the D+'s germanium diodes, fin- a harder clipping, and it's opamp is an ..."
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Semiconductor Physics And Devices
Donald Neamen

Excerpt - page 123: "... C is a constant and a function only of the diode parameters. (b) Determine the increase in 1, as the temperature increases from T = 300 K to T = 400 K for a (i) germanium diode and (ii) silicon diode. 8.17 ~ Assume that the ..."
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Building Scientific Apparatus
John H. Moore, Christopher C. Davis, Michael A. Coplan, and Sandra C. Greer

Excerpt - page 439: "... is positive with respect to the cathode (forward- bias), the diode conducts a large current. When ... conduct strongly is Vcuun. For germanium diodes, Vcutin is 0.2 volts, while for silicon diodes it ..."
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Electronic Filters, Amplifiers & Oscillators - Frequency Devices
Electronic Filters, Amplifiers & Oscillators - Frequency Devices
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