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Fix & Prog. Sinewave Oscillators - Frequency Devices

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   Diodes, Avalanche

An avalanche diode is a diode (usually made from silicon, but can be made from another semiconductor) that is designed to break down and conduct at a specified reverse bias voltage.

The Zener diode exhibits an apparently similar effect, but its operation is caused by a different mechanism, called Zener breakdown. Both effects are actually present in any such diode, but one usually dominates the other. Zener diodes are typically restricted to a few tens of volts maximum, but silicon avalanche diodes are available with breakdown voltages of over 4000 V.



Bronze Partners
5S Components Inc
Advanced Photonix, Inc.
Advanced Semiconductor, Inc.
Allegro MicroSystems Inc.
California Eastern Laboratories/NEC
Central Semiconductor Corp.
Contex Ltd
Cougar Electronics Corp.
Diotec Electronics Corporation
Dynex Semiconductor
EDAL Industries, Inc.
EIC Semiconductor Inc.
Electron Tubes Inc.
Electronic Devices, Inc.
eupec Inc.
Fagor Electronic Components, Inc.
Fairchild Semiconductor
FCI Semiconductor
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Fuji Semiconductor, Inc
Goodark Electronics
GPD Optoelectronics Corp
Hamamatsu Corp.
High Voltage Power Solutions, Inc
Hitachi America, Limited
Jaro Components, Inc.
Littelfuse, Teccor Division
MDE Semiconductor, Inc.
Microsemi Corp.
Microsemi Corporation
Microwave Device Technology
Mitsubishi Electronics
New Jersey Semi-Conductor Products
Noise Com, Wireless Telecom Group
ON Semiconductor
PD-LD, Inc.
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
Philips ECG
Philips Semiconductors
Protek Devices Lp
RFE International, Inc.
Rsm Sensitron Semiconductor
Semiconwell
Semikron, Inc.
Shindengen America Inc
Solid State Devices, Inc.
Solitron Devices Inc
STMicroelectronics, Inc.
Sussex Semiconductor, Inc.
Taiwan Semiconductor
Texas Instruments, Inc.
Texas Optoelectronics, Inc.
Vishay Intertechnology
Voltage Multipliers, Inc.
World Products Inc.
Fix & Prog. Sinewave Oscillators - Frequency Devices

 

Books
Zener and Avalanche Diodes
C.D. Todd

Avalanche-diode microwave oscillators (Monographs in electrical and electronic engineering)
Gerard Gibbons

Avalanche diode oscillators (Readings in electronics)
B Culshaw

Light-Emitting Diodes
E. Fred Schubert

Excerpt - page 2: "... carriers. The voltage required for minority carrier injection in Schottky diodes is larger than typical p-n ... under reverse-bias conditions through the avalanche effect in which high-energy carriers impact-ionize atoms of the semiconductor. ..."
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Circuit properties of avalanche diodes (RADC-TR-71-111) (RADC-TR-71-111)
Brian Culshaw

S-band avalanche diode amplifiers (PRR-72-CR-37) (PRR-72-CR-37)
Hiro Kawamoto

Avalanche diodes for the generation of coherent radiation;: Final status report, National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NGL 22-009-337, covering ... period August 16, 1972 - February 28, 1973
Paul Penfield

A high peak power solid-state source for low duty cycle applications. (use of IMPATT /Impact Ionization Avalanche Transit Time~ diodes in high power microwave ... An article from: Microwave Journal
Bernard E. Sigmon

Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Diode Frequency Multipliers (Artech House Microwave Library)
Marek T. Faber, Jerzy Chramiec, and Miroslaw E. Adamski

Excerpt - page 7: "... discussed in Chapter 3 together with the more complex semiconductor diodes useful in millimeter- wave frequency multipliers. The nonlinear inductance resulting from the avalanche charge carriers multiplication has not found much use in frequency ..."
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Characterization of advanced avalanche photodiodes for water vapor lidar receivers (NASA TP-) (NASA TP-)
Tamer F Refaat

Frequency Stabilization of Semiconductor Laser Diodes (Artech House Optoelectronics Library)
Tetsuhiko Ikegami, Shoichi Sudo, and Yoshihisa Sakai

Nonclassical Light from Semiconductor Laser and LED
Jungsang Kim, Seema Somani, and Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Excerpt - Back Matter: "... 1816-1818, 1993. 169. R. J. McIntyre, "Multiplication Noise in Uniform Avalanche Diodes," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. ED-13, pp 164-168, 1966. ..."
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Technology Ventures: From Idea to Enterprise w/ Engineering Subscription Card
Richard C. Dorf and Thomas H. Byers

Excerpt - page 504: "... the I-MOS and its implications on leakage. designed p-n junction diodes. The avalanche breakdown process is an extremely abrupt and fast process. This ..."
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Heterodyne operation of avalanche photodiodes (NASA technical note) (NASA technical note)
David E Sawyer

Feasibility study of integrated superlattice avalanche photodiodes and active pixel sensors as potential image intensifiers
K. F Brennan

60 GHz IMPATT diode development final report (SuDoc NAS 1.26:179536)
NASA

Studies of Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) as readout devices for scintillating fibers for high energy gamma-ray astronomy telescopes technical progress report ... 1998-May 15, 1998 (SuDoc NAS 1.26:208201)
Stefan Vasile

Temperature control of avalanche photodiode using thermoelectric cooler (NASA/TM) (NASA/TM)
Tamer F Refaat

Interim progress report on NAG-356, "Optical communication with semiconductor laser diodes" (SuDoc NAS 1.26:182464)
F. Davidson

Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, 10th Edition
Benjamin Stein, John S. Reynolds, Walter T. Grondzik, and Alison G. Kwok

Excerpt - page 1215: "... ratings, a basic technical vocabulary is necessary. SURGE SUPPRESSION 1215 Avalanche diode. A solid-state device placed in parallel with the protected load. ..."
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Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, 2nd Edition
Simon M. Sze

Excerpt - page 117: "... heating. Two important breakdown mechanisms are the tunneling effect and avalanche multiplication. We consider the first ... the reverse bias for most diodes. Avalanche breakdown also limits the collector volt- age of a ..."
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High-Speed Semiconductor Devices
Simon M. Sze

Excerpt - page 31: "... the metastable limit is reached. The process is analogous to avalanche breakdown in a diode where instead of electrons multiplying, dislocations suddenly multiply.) Equilibrium strained-layer ..."
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Electronic Gadgets for the Evil Genius : 28 Build-It-Yourself
Robert E. Iannini and Robert Iannini

Excerpt - page 21: "... 1 6-321/2 Phillips screw D20A-20J 10 16 Kv, 5 ma avalanche diodes #VG16 NUT 4 6-32 kep nut D3,4 2 IN914 silicon ..."
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Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, Third Edition
Alan S Morris

Excerpt - page 269: "... magnetodiodes and magnetotransistors. Radiation microsensors are made from silicon p-n diodes or avalanche photodiodes and can detect radiation over wavelengths from the visible ..."
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The Physics and Chemistry of Materials
Joel I. Gersten and Frederick W. Smith

Excerpt - page 435: "... junctions described in Section 11.12. In addition to the many diode devices consisting of essentially a single p - n junction (e.g., tunnel diodes, avalanche diodes, p-i-n diodes, rectifiers, and Gunn oscillators), there exist devices ..."
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Low-Noise Electronic System Design
C. D. Motchenbacher and J. A. Connelly

Excerpt - page 318: "... usually occurs at voltages of 5 V or less, while avalanche breakdown dominates at higher voltages. A diode to Zener breakdown will have shot noise and excess noise ..."
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The New McGraw-Hill Telecom Factbook
Joseph A. Pecar and David A. Garbin

Excerpt - page 99: "... light signals are converted back to electrical signals. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) and ligh t amplifica ... optic cables. PIN diodes and avalanche photo diodes (APDs-see the Glossary for definitions) receive or detect ..."
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Microsensors, MEMS and Smart Devices
Julian W. Gardner, Vijay Varadan, and Osama O. Awadelkarim

Excerpt - Index: "... coefficient, 31 dopant, 30-1 extrinsic, 31 intrinsic, 31 potential, 83 Diode, avalanche, 243-4 bipolar, 80 forward voltage, 237 ..."
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Introduction to Communications Engineering, 2nd Edition
Robert M. Gagliardi

Excerpt - page 566: "... used in the fibers. The important photodiodes are the PIN diode and the avalanche photodetector (APD) [12]. The PIN diode converts input optical radiation ..."
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Radiation Detection and Measurement
Glenn F. Knoll

Excerpt - page 291: "... same process is described in Chapter 13 in connection with avalanche diode detectors for ionizing radiations.) The internal gain helps pull the ..."
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Electrical Properties of Materials
L. Solymar and D. Walsh

Excerpt - page 181: "... The Zener diode and the avalanche diode 181 oscillating signal with which it interacts. This is ..."
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Electronic Components: A Complete Reference for Project Builders
Delton T. Horn

Excerpt - page 160: "... 160 Diodes An important specification for a zener diode is the avalanche point, or breakdown voltage. The meaning of these names will ..."
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Fundamentals of Electromagnetics with Engineering Applications
Stuart M. Wentworth

Excerpt - page 379: "... cal sensor is indicated by the rise time. The PIN diode and the avalanche photodiode have very similar speeds. Sensitivity refers to the minimum ..."
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Bipolar and MOS Analog Integrated Circuit Design (Wiley Classics Library)
Alan B. Grebene

Excerpt - page 130: "... signal swings are required with minimum switching delays. 3.3. ZENER DIODES The avalanche breakdown of a reverse-biased p-n junction can often be used ..."
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Gordon McComb's Gadgeteers Goldmine
Gordon McComb

Excerpt - Table of Contents: "... 126 17. Laser tag toy pistol 129 18. Sh laser diode avalanche drive 135 19. Pulsed dh diode drive 139 20. Sharp ..."
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Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits (4th Edition)
Paul R. Gray, Paul J. Hurst, Stephen H. Lewis, and Robert G. Meyer

Excerpt - page 7: "... of 1018 atoms/cm3. A typical I-V characteristic for a junction diode is shown in Fig. 1.4, and the effect of avalanche breakdown is seen by the large increase in reverse current, ..."
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Electronic Filters, Amplifiers & Oscillators - Frequency Devices
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