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   Relays, Time Delay

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835. Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit, it can be considered, in a broad sense, to be a form of electrical amplifier.

These contacts can be either Normally Open (NO), Normally Closed (NC), or change-over contacts.

  • Normally-open contacts connect the circuit when the relay is activated; the circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive. It is also called Form A contact or "make" contact. Form A contact is ideal for applications that require to switch a high-current power source from a remote device.
  • Normally-closed contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is activated; the circuit is connected when the relay is inactive. It is also called Form B contact or "break" contact. Form B contact is ideal for applications that require the circuit to remain closed until the relay is activated.
  • Change-over contacts control two circuits: one normally-open contact and one normally-closed contact with a common terminal. It is also called Form C contact.


Bronze Partners
Advance Controls, Inc.
Airotronics
Allen-Bradley
Allied Controls Acquisition Corp.
Altech Corp.
American Control Products
American Electronic Components
AMETEK Panalarm
Amperite Co.
Aromat Corp. (Matsushita Electric Works, America)
Artisan Controls Corp.
ATC Digitec
ATC-Diversified Electronics
Babcock, Inc.
Brentek International, Inc.
BTC Electronic Components
Carlo Gavazzi Automation Components
Chief Enterprises Inc
CII Products
Control Engineering, Inc.
Cougar Electronics Corp.
Cramer Division
Crouzet
Crydom
Cutler-Hammer
Danaher Controls
DARE Electronics, Inc.
Deutsch Relays, Inc.
Eaton Corporation
Electro-Sensors, Inc.
Electronic Specialty Corp
Eurocomp, Inc./Camden
Finder Relays Inc.
Fuji Electric Corp. of America
Gems Sensors Inc.
Hartman Products
Hella Incorporated
Hellroaring Technologies, Inc.
High Tech Connections
Hoyt Electrical Inst. Works, Inc.
ICS, Inc.
IDEC Corp.
Infitec Inc.
J & J Electronics Inc.
Kuhnke Automation Inc.
Leach International
Line Electric Products
Macromatic Controls
Magnecraft
Master Electronic Controls (MEC)
Mercury Switches, Incorporated
Midtex Products
Moeller Electric Corp
Nolatron
North Atlantic Industries
NTE Electronics, Inc.
Omron Electronics LLC
Philips ECG
Regent Controls, Inc.
Relay Service Company
Rockwell Automation
Ross Engineering Corp.
Schrack Components, Inc.
Sentrol Industrial
Solid State Electronics Corp.
Sprecher + Schuh
SSAC Inc.
STK Electronics, Inc.
SymCom, Inc.
Texas Instruments
Therm-O-Disc, Inc.
Time Mark Corp.
TURCK Inc.
Tyco Electronics Corp.
Universal Relays
V R Industries, Inc.
Ventronics, Inc.
Warren G-V, a unit of SPX
Weidmuller Inc.
Wieland Electric Inc.
Fixed and programmable amplifiers - Frequency Devices

 

Books
Finite-Spectrum Assignment for Time-Delay Systems (Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences)
Qing-Guo Wang, Tong H. Lee, and Kok K. Tan

Excerpt - page 96: "... both the critical point and an estimate of the process time- delay are necessary to invoke the modelling algorithm of Section 3.6.1. The critical point is obtained from the normal or enhanced relay experiment. The time-delay estimate may be obtained from an observation ..."
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Linear Time Delay Systems 2000, First Edition (IFAC Proceedings Volumes)
A.M. Perdon

Excerpt - page 14: "... AIounier H. (1995). Interpretation and comparison of various types of delay system coutrollabilities. In: IF_4C Conf ... modes in a discontinuous control relay with time delay. pure :llathematic.s _4pplications (P17.11.4). Fridinan. L.-NI.. Fridman E.-Shustin-E.I. (1993b). ..."
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Electric Relays (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Vladimir Gurevich

Excerpt - page 30: "... start up of asynchronous motors, and were also used in time delay relays with an airtime delay mechanism, described below. Solenoid-type (e, h, ..."
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Relay Feedback
Quing-Guo Wang, Tong H. Lee, and Lin Chong

Excerpt - page 4: "... of view, where the system setting considered therein includes a time delay and the limit cycle is ... analysis of linear systems with relay feedback under a general setting. These include the existence of ..."
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PID Controllers for Time Delay Systems
Guillermo J. Silva, Aniruddha Datta, and S. P. Bhattacharyya

Space-Time Chaos: Characterization, Control and Synchronization Pamplona, Spain 19-23 June 2000
Control, and Synchronization (2000 : Pamplona, Spain) School on Space Time Chaos--Characterization, S. Boccaletti, J. Burguete, and W. Gonzalez-Vinas

Voice over Frame Relay
William A. Flanagan

Excerpt - page 64: "... period in which the speaker is silent. Reaching back in time will delay the relative playback time at ... a frame. In the frame relay backbone, a switch should delay a frame about 5 to ..."
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Advances in Time-Delay Systems
Silviu-Iulian Niculescu and Keqin Gu

The New York Times Ultimate Crossword Omnibus: 1,001 Puzzles from The New York Times
The New York Times, Will Shortz, and The New York Times

Will Shortz's Favorite Crossword Puzzles from the Pages of The New York Times
The New York Times and Will Shortz

Times Atlas of the World : Comprehensive Edition
London Times

Time Delay Systems 2001 (IFAC Proceedings Volumes)
Christopher Greenwell

Portraits: 9/11/01: The Collected "Portraits of Grief" from The New York Times, Revised Edition
The New York Times and Howell Raines

Sports of the Times: A Day-By-Day Selection of the Most Important, Thrilling and Inspired Events of the Past 150 Years
The New York Times, David Fischer, and William Taaffe

Technics and Time 1: The Fault of Epimetheus (Meridian (Stanford, Calif.).)
Bernard Stiegler

Excerpt - page 139: "... until later, of taking into account, of taking account of time and of the forces of an operation that implies an economical calculation, a detour, a delay, a relay , a reserve, a representation-concepts that I would summarize here ..."
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Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks, 2nd Edition (Power and Energy)
Juan Gers

Excerpt - page 32: "... manual transfer or selector device negative-sequence current relay negative-sequence voltage relay thermal relay instantaneous overcurrent relay time-delay overcurrent relay circuit breaker power factor relay overvoltage relay voltage ..."
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Time Out Athens (Time Out Guides)
TIME OUT

The New York Times Weekend Challenge: Formidable but Fun Crosswords
The New York Times and Will Shortz

The New York Times Film Reviews 1995-1996 (New York Times Film Reviews)
Ny Times

New York Times Film Reviews, 1977- 1978
New York Times Company

Time Out Las Vegas 3 (Time Out Guides)
Time Out

Bifurcations and Chaos in Piecewise-Smooth Dynamical Systems: Applications to Power Converters, Relay and Pulse-Width Modulated Control Systems, and Human ... Series on Nonlinear Science, Series a)
Zhanybai T. Zhusubaliyev and Erik Mosekilde

Excerpt - page 146: "... state of the control flip-flop till the switching of the relay element is less then the duration TIt of the pulses of the time deadzone formers G1 and G2, then the flip-flop switches to another state after the delay To. This happens because during the delay the former CI ..."
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Broadband Networking ABCs for Managers: ATM, BISDN, Cell/Frame Relay to SONET
Robert P. Davidson

Excerpt - page 34: "... multimedia, voice and video distributed traffic bursts at high rates delay intolerant, high rates over short duration SMDS, frame relay, ATM ATM real-time services such as BISDN need to understand the market dynamics. ..."
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Protective Relaying (Power Engineering, 5)
J. Lewis Blackburn

Excerpt - page 15: "... application relay 57. Short-circuiting or grounding device 58. Rectification failure relay 59. Overvoltage relay 60. Voltage or current balance relay 62. Time-delay stopping or opening relay 63. Pressure switch 64. Ground detector ..."
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Protective Relaying for Power Generation Systems
Donald Reimert

Excerpt - page 57: "... of setpoints required and the method of calculations. 3.5.1 ELECTROMECHANICAL RELAYS The slope of most electromechanical ... relay. Some relays have a time delay adjustment. This delay is often factory set to override the ..."
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Electric Power Distribution Handbook (Electric Power Engineering Series)
Thomas Allen Short

Excerpt - page 80: "... burndowns because the fault duration is much longer on the time-delay relay elements than on the instantaneous element. With fuse saving, the ..."
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Electrical Installations Handbook: Power Supply and Distribution, Protective Measures, Electromagnetic Compatibility, Electrical Installation Equipment and Systems, Application Examples for Electrical Installation Systems, Building Management, 3rd Edition
Günter G. Seip and Gunter G. Seip

Excerpt - page 86: "... breakers with predefined timers (3WN breakers) and between breakers with time- reduced selectivity control max. 50 ms D With mechanical or separate time-delay relays 10 ms D With mechanical overcurrent releases 150 ms Irrespective ..."
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Audel HVAC Fundamentals, Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps and Distribution Systems
James E. Brumbaugh

Excerpt - page 499: "... two defrost control boards shown in Figure 10-21 include a time-temperature defrost control, defrost relay, time delay, two diagnostic LEDs, a 24-volt terminal strip for field wiring ..."
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Numerical Distance Protection: Principles and Applications
Gerhard Ziegler

Excerpt - page 46: "... described above, did not exist. Each zone controlled its own time delay and the tripping relays. This philosophy had the advantage that in the case of ..."
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Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Repair
Roger A. Fischer

Excerpt - page 91: "... a smaller unit. Figure 9-2 shows a typical remote overload relay. Notice the size is comparatively ... is called the disc type. Time Delay Relays The time delay relay has become a very popular ..."
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Audel HVAC Fundamentals, Heating System Components, Gas and Oil Burners and Automatic Controls
James E. Brumbaugh

Excerpt - page 261: "... subbase switch to off and back to cool again. Heating Relays/Time-Delay Relays In air-conditioning installations, a time-delay relay is often installed ..."
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RV Repair and Maintenance Manual 4 Ed
Bob Livingston

Excerpt - page 167: "... 6.13 Room air wheel Sail switch Blower Motor assembly gasket Time-delay relay Sail-switch insulator (N~ Intake- tube assembly Vent-cap and exhaust-tube assembly ..."
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Miller's Guide to Home Wiring
Mark R. Miller, Rex Miller, and Glenn E. Baker

Excerpt - page 31: "... service special needs as required. These include voltage-sensitive relays and time-delay relays. Voltage-sensitive relays will start the plant when line voltage varies ..."
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Building Systems for Interior Designers
Corky Binggeli

Excerpt - page 164: "... aquastat, is available for hot water systems. I lot water time delay relays circulate already warmed water through radiators without turning on the ..."
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Radiant Floor Heating
R. Dodge Woodson

Excerpt - page 138: "... system. All sorts of controls are used in heating systems-switches, relays, time-delay devices, high-limit switches, triple-action controls, multi- zone relays, resets, and ..."
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Modern Hydronic Heating for Residential and Light Commercial Buildings, 2E
Siegenthaler

Excerpt - page 271: "... into an aluminum DIN rail. The latter mounting method allows relay sockets to be added or ... is shown in Figure 9-35. Time Delay Relays Often it is necessary to incorporate a time delay ..."
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