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   Relays, Safety
  • A forced-guided contacts relay has relay contacts that are mechanically linked together, so that when the relay coil is energized or de-energized, all of the linked contacts move together. If one set of contacts in the relay becomes immobilized, no other contact of the same relay will be able to move. The function of forced-guided contacts is to enable the safety circuit to check the status of the relay. Forced-guided contacts are also known as "positive-guided contacts", "captive contacts", "locked contacts", or "safety relays".


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    Books
    Preparing for Terrorism: The Public Safety Communicator s Guide
    George Buck, Lori Buck, and Barry Mogil

    Excerpt - page 141: "... avenue for public information and protection actions. The media can relay safety information, shelter locations, hospital information, road closures, protection-inplace actions, 9-1-1 ..."
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    Practical Machinery Safety (Practical Professional Books from Elsevier)
    David Macdonald

    Excerpt - page 6: "... opened or when the E-stop is pressed. To improve the safety of the circuits an additional relay is used to prevent the latching relay from being reset ..."
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    Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 23rd International Conference, SAFECOMP 2004, Potsdam, Germany, September 21-24,2004, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
    Maritta Heisel, Peter Liggesmeyer, and Stefan Wittmann

    Excerpt - page 38: "... point and train route involved. Also, the states of all relays - including failures - and ... 3 Since interlocking relays are safety relays with forced contacts all relevant single failure modes can ..."
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    Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes 2000 (SAFEPROCESS 2000) (IFAC Proceedings Volumes)
    A.M. Edelmayer and Cs. Banyasz

    Excerpt - page 98: "... as in the architecture 2P. The third PLC manages the safety task ST in redundancy manner. ... speed sensors. Finally, a safety relay controlled by these two PLC send braking order (fig. 3). ..."
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    Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management: PSAM 7 - ESREL '04
    Cornelia Spitzer, Ulrich Schmocker, and Vinh N. Dang

    Excerpt - page 101: "... a) Level of abstraction. b) Systems level. c) Type of safety function. d) Type of object. a) Level of abstraction starts at the lowest level with a concrete solution, e.g. a safety relay or an operator checking a temperature meter. At higher levels, ..."
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    Creative Safety Solutions (Occupational Safety and Health Series)
    Thomas D. Schneid

    Excerpt - page 26: "... This management level embodies the commitment of the organization to safety, health, and loss prevention and relays it to the employees. If the first-line supervisors or team ..."
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    Computer Safety, Reliability and Security: 21st International Conference, SAFECOMP 2002, Catania, Italy, September 10-13, 2002. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
    Stuart Anderson, Sandro Bologna, and Massimo Felici

    Excerpt - page 64: "... design of the SCS follows proven design principles from the safety domain. The entire system is ... will be enforced by voting safety-relay logic. Data acquisition peripherals as well as the sensors follow ..."
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    Statistical Tools of Safety Management (Industrial Health & Safety)
    Henry A. Walters

    Excerpt - page 12: "... 1/6 + 1/6 = 3/6 = .5 To give a safety example, assume that a relay can fail only in one of two ways. It can ..."
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    Modern Safety and Resource Control Management
    Thomas D. Schneid

    Excerpt - page 9: "... management level embodies the commitment of the organization to the safety, health, and loss prevention and relays it to the employees. If the first-line supervisors or team ..."
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    Hazardous Gas Monitoring: A Guide for Semiconductor and Other Hazardous Occupancies (Safety, Health & Hygiene)
    Logan T. White

    Excerpt - page 118: "... Studies in other industries have found that 90 percent of safety system problems can be associated with field devices (sensors and final control elements). However, simple safety systems such as hard-wired relay systems are generally more difficult to modify and expand as ..."
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    Industrial Hazards and Plant Safety
    S. Banerjee

    Excerpt - page 130: "... initiate the top event. The leading contributor is the single relay K2 because it represents a primary failure of an active component. System safety would be enhanced by substituting a pair of relays in ..."
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    A Safety Licensable Computing Architecture
    Wolfgang A. Halang, B. J. Kramer, and S. K. Jung

    Excerpt - page 59: "... architectures. PLCs are usually programmed in graphical languages derived from relay logic ladder diagrams. Such diagrams ... relay based binary control and safety circuits. Their continued use for PLC programming facilitates the acceptance ..."
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    Health and Safety in Welding and Allied Processes
    N. C. Balchin

    Excerpt - page 50: "... therefore safe. The devices are also known as low voltage safety devices, or OCV reduction relays. It may not be possible to use these in conjunction ..."
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    Prevention and Control of Accidental Releases of Hazardous Gases (Industrial Health & Safety)
    Vasilis M. Fthenakis

    Excerpt - page 45: "... may require corrective action at an early stage. "An independent safety system suffers from a major drawback, particularly if it is implemented using relays or other digital devices such as switches because it may ..."
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    Practical Industrial Safety, Risk Assessment and Shutdown Systems (IDC Technology (Paperback))
    Dave Macdonald

    Excerpt - page 13: "... 1.9.4 Key elements of IEC 61508 " Management of functional safety " Technical safety requirements " ... Electronic Systems (abbreviation: E/E/PES) e.g. Relays, PLCs, Instruments, Networks " Considers all phases of the safety ..."
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    Practical Electrical Safety (Occupational Safety and Health)
    D. C. Winburn

    Excerpt - page 27: "... inoperative and for reactivating it. Some fail-safe considerations are 1. Safety circuits should be designed with normally open relays; and 2. Control circuit wiring should be run so that ..."
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    Snake Creek pumping plant, synchronous motor starting tests, excitation relay calibration, and plant safety grounding inspection field test report
    Phil Atwater

    Practical Safety and Reliability Assessment
    K. C. Hignett

    Excerpt - page 29: "... process sensor would need to be considered. 4.3.2 Logic system Safety logic may take a number of forms, from hardwired relay or solid state systems to computer software, whose function is ..."
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    Aircraft Safety : Accident Investigations, Analyses, & Applications, Second Edition
    Shari Stanford Krause

    Excerpt - page 102: "... told ATC of their emergency fuel status. According to the Safety Board, the intracockpit conversations indicated a "total breakdown in communications by the flight crew in its attempts to relay the situation to ATC." The Board noted that even though ..."
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    Electrical Safety Engineering
    W. Fordham-Cooper, W. Fordham Cooper, and D.A. Dolbey Jones

    Excerpt - page 329: "... be given by using earthed-metal-sheathed single-core cable and an earth-leakage relay (Figure 12.20). 12.14 Circuit segregation and safety isolating transformers A large number of accidents have occurred on ..."
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    Electrical Safety Handbook
    John Cadick, Mary Capelli-Schellpfeffer, and Dennis K. Neitzel

    Excerpt - page 96: "... lengths, sizes, and impedances; current transformer ratios; transformer impedances; protective relay logic circuits; and metering circuits are often found on one-line diagrams used for safety and operations. This practice is not acceptable. Table 2. 34 ..."
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    Computer Safety, Reliability and Security: 20th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2001, Budapest, Hungary, September 26-28, 2001 Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
    Udo Voges

    Excerpt - page 27: "... the two redundant protection loops. This redundancy is mainly for safety, not security reasons. It deals with the risk that one of the sensor - protection relay - circuit breaker loops ceases to function, but it is ..."
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    Closeout of IE bulletin 84-02: Failures of General Electric Type HFA relays in use in Class 1E safety systems
    W. J Foley

    Risk Engineering: Bridging Risk Analysis with Stakeholders Values (Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality)
    A.V. Gheorghe and R. Mock

    Excerpt - page 82: "... All items of a major technical system Step 1.18 All safety relevant items Mechanical (valves. pumps, tanks etc.) Electronic (computers. etc.) Electrotechnical devices (circuits, relays. etc.) Instrumentation (displays. etc.) Others Step 1.18 Step 2.2.1 Figure ..."
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    Simplifying cyclotron safety: Programmable safety systems eliminate excessive wiring of hard-wired relays. (RevisionX).: An article from: Designfax
    Stephanie Goach

    Commercial Aviation Safety
    Alexander T. Wells and Clarence C. Rodrigues

    Safety Monitor: How to Protect Your Kids Online
    Detective Mike Sullivan

    Safety in the Skies: Personnel and Parties in NTSB Aviation Accident Investigations
    Cynthia C. Lebow

    Water Fun and Fitness
    Terri Elder

    Excerpt - page 64: "... the second person, who travels back across the pool. The relay continues until all members of the team have completed their part of the relay. Safety: If starting from the deck, do not allow dive entries ..."
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    How Safe Is Safe Enough?: Leadership, Safety and Risk Management
    Gregory Alston

    Electrical Safety and the Law
    Ken Oldham Smith and John M. Madden

    Electrical Product Safety: A Step-by-Step Guide to LVD Self Assessment: A Step-by-Step Guide to LVD Self Assessment
    David Holland and Jimmy Tzimenakis

    Safety Design Criteria for Industrial Plants, Volume I
    Maurizio Cumo and Antonio Naviglio

    Teaching Swimming and Water Safety: The Australian Way
    Sarie Lowden, Kirk Marks, Ken Richter, and John Kilpatrick

    Controlling Pilot Error: Weather
    Terry T. Lankford

    Excerpt - page 59: "... position and type. This pilot could contact the FAA's Aviation Safety Specialist and relay his concerns to the military. I have under similar circumstances, ..."
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    Software Quality: State of the Art in Management, Testing, and Tools
    Martin Wieczorek and Dirk Meyerhoff

    Excerpt - page 215: "... interlocking, being functionally compatible with the older technology based on safety relays. Nowadays, electronic interlocking systems for main line railways have to ..."
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