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   Relays, Hybrid

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835. Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit, it can be considered, in a broad sense, to be a form of electrical amplifier.

These contacts can be either Normally Open (NO), Normally Closed (NC), or change-over contacts.

  • Normally-open contacts connect the circuit when the relay is activated; the circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive. It is also called Form A contact or "make" contact. Form A contact is ideal for applications that require to switch a high-current power source from a remote device.
  • Normally-closed contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is activated; the circuit is connected when the relay is inactive. It is also called Form B contact or "break" contact. Form B contact is ideal for applications that require the circuit to remain closed until the relay is activated.
  • Change-over contacts control two circuits: one normally-open contact and one normally-closed contact with a common terminal. It is also called Form C contact.


Bronze Partners
Aleph International Corp.
Aromat Corp. (Matsushita Electric Works, America)
Babcock, Inc.
CII Products
Clare Inc.
Control Engineering, Inc.
Coto Technology
Cougar Electronics Corp.
DARE Electronics, Inc.
EAC Electronics Co.
Electronic Specialty Corp
Excel Cell Electronic (USA) Corp.
GIGAVAC
ICS, Inc.
IDEC Corp.
Jopp Associates
Leach International
Magnecraft
Master Electronic Controls (MEC)
Micropac Industries, Inc.
North Atlantic Industries
Relay Service Company
Ross Engineering Corp.
Smart Relay Technology, Inc.
T-Bar Inc.
Teledyne Relays
Tyco Electronics Corp.
Wieland Electric Inc.
Fix & Prog. Sinewave Oscillators - Frequency Devices

 

Books
Hybrid Circuit Design and Manufacture (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Jones

Excerpt - page 95: "... the packing densities normally desired. Thus components such as transformers, relays, and potentiometers are not normally encountered in hybrid design. Discrete Passive Devices Resistors Discrete resistors employed in hybrid ..."
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Hybrid Microelectronics Handbook
Charles A. Harper, Jerry E. Sergent, and International Society for Hybrid Microelectronics

Enterprise Networking: Fractional T1 to SONET, Frame Relay to BISDN
Daniel Minoli

Excerpt - page 318: "... nodes Internally packet switching between two nodes ("fast packet switching"/cell relay technology) Ability to achieve a hybrid service: CO-based at one end and CPE-based at other Supports ..."
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Bifurcations and Chaos in Piecewise-Smooth Dynamical Systems: Applications to Power Converters, Relay and Pulse-Width Modulated Control Systems, and Human ... Series on Nonlinear Science, Series a)
Zhanybai T. Zhusubaliyev and Erik Mosekilde

Excerpt - page 160: "... M. di Bernardo, On a Novel Class of Bifurcation's in Hybrid Dynamical Systems: The Case of Relay Feedback Systems, in Proc. Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (HSCCO1), ..."
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Hybrid Dynamical Systems
Andrey V. Savkin and Robin J. Evans

Excerpt - page 2: "... for exam- ple, to describe various engineering systems that contain relays, switches, and hysteresis. Properties of this type of hybrid systems have been studied in great detail for the past ..."
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Power Hybrid Circuit Design and Manufacture (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Taraseiskey

Excerpt - page 35: "... their terminals. These ratings may be repetitive or nonrepetitive. Power hybrids are employed in circuits, where ... large inductive loads such as relays and solenoids, electromechanical devices ..."
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Voice over Frame Relay
William A. Flanagan

Excerpt - page 3: "... switch and pulse dialer control d.c. flow for signaling. The "hybrid" circuit, a complex transformer, couples the transmitter and receiver to the local loop. VOICE OVER FRAME RELAY ..."
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Impulsive and Hybrid Dynamical Systems: Stability, Dissipativity, and Control (Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics)
Wassim M. Haddad, VijaySekhar Chellaboina, and Sergey G. Nersesov

Protection Devices and Systems for High-Voltage Applications (Power Engineering, 20)
Vladimir Gurevich

Excerpt - page 73: "... should be a control circuit consisting of mass-production small-size latching relays and a thyristor module with ... very suitable components for the hybrid relay. ..."
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Rhythm Science (Mediaworks Pamphlets)
Paul D. Miller aka Dj Spooky that Subliminal Kid

Excerpt - page 3: "... around them, an environment made up of wireless networks, cellular relays, hybrid systems, rootless philosophies, immigrants from countries on the verge of ..."
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Schaum's Outline of Computer Networking
Ed Tittel

Excerpt - page 54: "... are very common in technologies such as ATM and Frame Relay. HYBRID No matter how well your rules are defined, someone is ..."
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Locks, Safes and Security: An International Police Reference Two Volumes
Marc Weber Tobias

Excerpt - page 775: "... three common lens systems used for relaying images: thin lens relay, hybrid rod and thin lens relay, and selfoc/grin relay system. Thin ..."
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Technologies for the Wireless Future: Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)
Rahim Tafazolli

Excerpt - page 211: "... as MU, multicell scenarios (cellular, fixed wireless, ad hoc, multihop, relay and hybrid networks) have to be modeled. Channel models should also support ..."
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Passive Electronic Component Handbook
Charles A. Harper

Excerpt - page 250: "... just by replacing the word electromagnetic with electric. A solid-state relay (SSR) is a device without ... the simple electromagnetic relay. A hybrid relay is an electrical device or unit having a solid-state ..."
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Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Security
PhD, CISM, CISSP, James F. Ransome and PhD, CISM, John Rittinghouse

Excerpt - Index: "... Approach, 14 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), 51 defined, 125 Frame Relay hybrid networks, 126 prioritization, 125 switches, 52 Voice over (VoATM), 125-26 ..."
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Parallel Metaheuristics: A New Class of Algorithms
Enrique Alba

Excerpt - page 350: "... functional compo- sition of a single optimization method. In this hybrid class, a given function of ... of a metaheuristic. As to relay hybridization, a set of metaheuristics are applied one after another, ..."
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A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology
Roy A. Allan

Excerpt - page 4: "... mechanical computer, the Z1 in 1938. Zuse then developed a hybrid relay/mechanical unit named the Z2. A successful demonstration of this machine ..."
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Understanding Telephone Electronics, Fourth Edition
Joseph Carr, Steve Winder, and Stephen Bigelow

Excerpt - page 49: "... o)r~ ~fh~u9~`;fihe 0 rOFF-JSHOOK HOOK TRANSMITTER ILOOP R 48V II HYBRID CIRCUIT RELAY COIL - - _L_ I 2 T A RECEIVER TELEPHONE ..."
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Japanese Manufacturing Investment in Europe : Its Impact on the U.K. Economy (International Business Series)
Roger Strange

Excerpt - page 249: "... Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd (25%) Matsushita Electronic Components Electromagnetic relays Hybrid ICs and ceramic filters Condensers and ceramic parts and components ..."
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Software Engineering with Computational Intelligence (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing)
Jonathan Lee and J. Ed Lee

Excerpt - page 252: "... an in- t uitively appealing approach has been proposed. It relays on a hybrid learning methodology comprising of two fundamental techniques, namely genetic opti- ..."
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Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy: Applications for Chemists and Biochemists, Second Edition, Fully Updated and Expanded to Include Multidimensional Work
W. R. Croasmun and Robert M. K. Carlson

Excerpt - page 370: "... 3. The homonuclear experiments are the logical extensions of the relay or hybrid techniques that have been discussed in a general way in ..."
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Software Programmer - Consultant - Network Engineer - Application Developer [2006] Career & Job Guide - Get Hired Now by Companies Winning New Business and Requiring Personnel with New IT Skill Sets
Info Tech Employment

Excerpt - page 86: "... programs Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Frame Relay Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) networks Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ."
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SLM Solutions: A Buyer's Guide, Third Edition
Rick Sturm

Excerpt - page 265: "... visibility and diagnostic control over WAN data services, including frame relay, hybrid frame relay/ATM and IP VPNs. The solution gives service providers ..."
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Solutions to Parallel and Distributed Computing Problems: Lessons from Biological Sciences
Albert Y. Zomaya, Fikret Ercal, and Stephan Olariu

Excerpt - page 71: "... classes are derived from this hierarchical taxonomy: 1. LRH (Low-Level Relay Hybrid) This class of hybrids represents algorithms in which a given ..."
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Power Electronic Modules: Design and Manufacture
William W. Sheng and Ronald P. Colino

Excerpt - Front Matter: "... Division. His experiences include design and market- ing of solid-state relays, hybrid integrated circuits, MOS integrated circuits, and semiconductor memories. Colino is ..."
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VPNs: A Beginner's Guide
John Mairs

Excerpt - page 572: "... build them over multiple network architectures, including IP, ATM, Frame Relay, and hybrid networks. Migration for the end customer is simplified because there ..."
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Real-Time Systems

Excerpt - page 85: "... A multiplexer can be implemented using MOS transistors or reed relays. Hybrid integrated circuits and analogue input boards containing all the elements ..."
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Cisco Router Handbook
Georgec Sackett

Excerpt - page 86: "... Chapter 4 Frame Relay Hybrid Meshed Hierarchical Topology Managing the balance between core backbone performance ..."
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SLM Solutions: A Buyer's Guide
Rick Sturm, Lisa Erickson Harris, David St. Onge, and Lisa Erickson-Harris

Excerpt - page 248: "... control over WAN data SLM Products Offered: services, including frame relay, hybrid frame FrameSaver/OpenLane System relay/ATM and IP VPNs. The solution gives ..."
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Handbook of Industrial Robotics, 2nd Edition
Shimon Y. Nof

Excerpt - page 816: "... for the nonstandard or odd components such as relays and hybrid circuits. Moreover, dedicated machines are only economical for standard components ..."
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IT Jobs - IT Prospects [2006] Companies-Contacts-Links - West Coast - Get Hired Now by Companies Winning New Business and Requiring New Personnel
Info Tech Employment

Excerpt - page 86: "... programs Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Frame Relay Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) networks Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ."
See more references to Relays, Hybrid in this book.
IT Jobs - IT Prospects [2006] Companies - Contacts - Links - Western States - Get Hired Now by Companies Winning New Business and Requiring New Personnel
Info Tech Employment

Excerpt - page 86: "... programs Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Frame Relay Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) networks Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ."
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Get Your IT Career In Gear!
Leslie Jaye Goff

Excerpt - page 99: "... transfer mode (ATM) V/ Digital subscriber line (DSL) V Frame relay V Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) networks ./ Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ..."
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Digital Audio Processing (with CD-ROM)
Doug Coulter

Excerpt - page 46: "... written in early 1998, and it's only getting better. A hybrid of the two techniques is ... to drive analog switches or relays for reconfiguration. A hybrid radio might be a good example ..."
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High-Performance Computing : Paradigm and Infrastructure
Laurence T. Yang and Minyi Guo

Excerpt - page 574: "... Based on periodical flooding and weighted metrics in se- lecting relay neighbors, the hybrid periodical flooding (HPF) method is detailed in Section 30.3. The ..."
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Networks for Computer Scientists and Engineers
Youlu Zheng and Shakil Akhtar

Excerpt - page 278: "... set of advantages, and both are fully compliant with frame relay, the choice of platform will ... a T1 connection. These TDM hybrids allocate trunk bandwidth in a static manner. That is, each ..."
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