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   Converters, Electronic Power Frequency

Frequency converter refers to a class of electrical machinery that was used to convert one frequency (Hertz) of electrical power into another frequency. A typical use is for running non-US machinery which requires 50 Hz power where utility power was supplied as 60 Hz current.

The standard power in the U.S. is usually 60 Hz, but in much of Europe, and other parts of the world, the standard is 50 Hz, thus factories which want to manufacture products in the U.S. for export to a country which has the standard of 50 Hz will need a frequency converter that converts 60 Hz power to 50 Hz power. This is also true for factories in countries which have a standard of 50 Hz manufacturing products which need to be tested for use in the U.S. at 60 Hz.

Another application is in the Aerospace and Airline industries. Often Airplanes use 400 Hz power so 50 Hz or 60 Hz to 400 Hz Frequency converter is needed for use in the ground power unit used to power the airplane while it is on the ground.

The most common use for a frequency converter is to control the speed of three phase induction motors. The speed of an induction motor is given by the formula

Ns = 120F / p

where

Ns = Synchronous speed, in revolutions per minute F = AC power frequency p = Number of poles per phase winding

The frequency of the AC power can be adjusted with a frequency converter and the speed of the induction motor will change accordingly to the formula above.



Bronze Partners
Abbott Technologies, Inc.
Absopulse Electronics Limited
Advanced Power & Controls, LLC
Applied Power Systems Inc
Avionic Instruments
Behlman Electronics, Inc.
Bulova Electronics
California Instruments Corp.
Compact Power Company
Control Technology Company, Inc.
Drivecon Corp.
Electro-Tech, Inc.
Elgar Electronics Corporation
EP/Electronics Products Inc.
Exeltech Inc.
Falcon Electric Inc.
Frequency Control Products
Georator Corp.
Huettinger Electronics, Inc.
Industrial Test Equipment Company
Kepco, Inc.
KGS Electronics, Inc.
Magna-Power Electronics, Inc.
MajorPower.Com
Marine Electric Systems, Inc.
Matsusada Precision Inc.
Modular Devices, Inc.
Pacific Power Source, Inc
Power Electronic Systems Inc.
Power Paragon
Power Systems Group
PowerStream Technology
Powertron Corp.
Reliance Electric
Rsm Sensitron Semiconductor
Satcon Power Systems
Schaefer, Inc.
Signal Technology California Operations
TDI-Transistor Devices, Inc.
Unitron
Voltex
Fix & Prog. Sinewave Oscillators - Frequency Devices

 

Books
Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, 2nd Edition
Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, and William P. Robbins

Excerpt - page 77: "... PART 2 GENERIC POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS ..."
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Power Electronics Converter Harmonics: Multipulse Methods for Clean Power
Derek A. Paice

Excerpt - page 9: "... are reproduced with permission of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Definitions given here are tailored specifically to the harmonics generated by static power converters at utility system frequencies. Additional useful guidelines will be found in IEEE Std 100-1992, ..."
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Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics (Practical Professional Books from Elsevier)
Malcolm Barnes

Excerpt - page 69: "... Power electronic converters 69 - DC to AC - Frequency - Voltage level - Current level - Number of phases ..."
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Introduction to Modern Power Electronics
Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski

Excerpt - page 35: "... current would decrease further with an increase in the switching frequency. All the examples of PWM converters presented in this section clearly ... allowable switching frequency in practical power electronic converters is limited by several factors. First, any power switch ..."
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Resonant Power Converters
Marian K. Kazimierczuk and Dariusz Czarkowski

Excerpt - page 3: "... the potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI). The inability of PWM converters to operate efficiently at very high frequencies imposes a limit on the ... the converter and, thereby, on power density. In search of converters ... operating at higher frequencies, power electronics engineers started to develop converter topologies that shape either the ..."
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Pulse Width Modulation for Power Converters: Principles and Practice (IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering)
D. Grahame Holmes and Thomas A. Lipo

Excerpt - page 67: "... inverter redrawn as Figure 2.4 is one of the simplest power electronic converter topologies and is used to create a variable magnitude, variable frequency AC voltage output from a fixed magnitude DC supply voltage. ..."
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Power Supplies Switching Regulators, Inverters, and Converters
Irving Gottlieb

Excerpt - page 90: "... makes it a likely candidate for the beginnings of a converter, a regulated do power supply, or an electronic ignition system. The oscillation frequency is in the vicinity of 2500 Hz-high enough to obtain ..."
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Digital Power Electronics and Applications
Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye, and Muhammad H. Rashid

Magnetic Components for Power Electronics
Alex Goldman

Excerpt - page 25: "... Pulse Transformer for Transistor Firing 7. Magnetic Amplifier Core 8. Power Factor Correction Core In choosing ... by: I. The type of converter circuit used. 2. Frequency of the circuit. ..."
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Control of Induction Motors (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) (Engineering)
Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski

Excerpt - page 89: "... CHAPTER 4 / POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS 89 of frequency. Part of the energy carried by high-frequency noise is radiated ..."
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Energy-Efficient Electric Motors, Third Edition (Electrical Engineering & Electronics)
Ali Emadi

Excerpt - page 67: "... electric motor drive. The input to the drive is the power source. The power source is the energy for the system. Next is the power electronic converter. The electronic converter manipulates the voltage, current, and frequency provided by the power source. To control the system, a ..."
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Power Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives: Technology and Applications
Bimal K. Bose

Fundamentals of Power Electronics (Second Edition)
Robert W. Erickson and Dragan Maksimovic

Excerpt - page 7: "... causes the switch output voltage v,(t) to contain a low- frequency sinusoidal component. The L-C filter ... obtained. 1.2 SEVERAL APPLICATIONS OF POWER ELECTRONICS The power levels encountered in high-efficiency switching converters range from (1) less than one watt, in dc-dc converters ..."
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Inductors and Transformers For Power Electronics
Alex Van den Bossche and Vencislav Cekov Valchev

Excerpt - page 68: "... 68 Inductors and Transformers for Power Electronics Vi 400 FIGURE 2.16 Full bridge DC/DC converter. The transformer specifications are: Operating frequency: f,,, = 100 kHz Square wave primary voltage: Vt = ..."
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Power Electronics Handbook (Engineering)
Muhammad H. Rashid

Excerpt - page 60: "... current are also shown. By varying the duty cycle, the power flow to the motor (and ... 1. Bimal K. Bose, Power Electronics and Ac Drives, Prentice-Hall, Englewood ... William P. Robbins, Power Electronics. Converters, Applications, and Design, John Wiley ... 3. George C. Chryssis, High Frequency Sivitching Power Supplies: Theory and Design, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1984. 4 ..."
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HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications of Static Converters in Power Systems (Power Electronics and Power Systems)
Vijay K. Sood

An improved design of a variable voltage variable frequency converter for power systems (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Thesis. 1976. M.S) (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Elect
Trevor Anthony Creary

Bifurcations and Chaos in Piecewise-Smooth Dynamical Systems: Applications to Power Converters, Relay and Pulse-Width Modulated Control Systems, and Human ... Series on Nonlinear Science, Series a)
Zhanybai T. Zhusubaliyev and Erik Mosekilde

Fundamentals of Power Electronics
S. Rama Reddy

Excerpt - page 117: "... PWM inverter is capable of producing variable voltage and variable frequency supply. This supply is used to control the speed of ..."
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Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices (Power Electronics and Power Systems)
Arindam Ghosh and Gerard Ledwich

Excerpt - page 5: "... drives and spectrum other nonlinear loads Waveform Notching THD, Harmonic Power electronic converters distortion spectrum DC offset Volts, ... Geo-magnetic disturbance, half-wave rectification Voltage Frequency of Arc furnace, arc lamps flicker occurrence, modulating The impact ..."
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Computer-aided Analysis of Power Electronic Systems (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Venkatachari Rajagopalan:

Power Electronics Design Handbook: Low-Power Components and Applications (EDN Series for Design Engineers)
Nihal Kularatna

Control in Power Electronics: Selected Problems (Academic Press Series in Engineering) (Academic Press Series in Engineering)
Marian P. Kazmierkowski, Ramu Krishnan, and Frede Blaabjerg

Computer-aided Analysis and Design of Switch-mode Power Supplies (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Lee

Excerpt - page 36: "... of i,,,, i,,,, i,, i,,,, and i,,, for the Cuk converter circuit shown in Fig. 1.19. ... of the following types of power-conversion circuits: a. Cuk converter b. electronic transformer c. dc-to-dc electronic transformer ..."
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Automatic Control of Converter-Fed Drives (Studies in Electrical and Electronic Engineering)
Bas van der Hoek

Excerpt - page 108: "... range, and with minimum losses. This is effected with static converters, based on semiconductor power devices known as electronic power switches. Modern converter systems ... periodic and aperiodic, over a frequency range extending from zero to several dozen kHz, with high ..."
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Switch-Mode Power Supply Simulation: Designing with SPICE 3 (McGraw-Hill Electronic Engineering)
Steven M. Sandler

Excerpt - Back Matter: "... Center, Piscataway, NJ, 1986. 23. Huliehel, F.; Ben-Yaakov, S. Low frequency sampled data models of switched mode DC-DC converters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1991, 6, 55- 61. 24. Ben-Yaakov, S. A unified approach ..."
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Newnes Electrical Power Engineer's Handbook, Second Edition
D F Warne

Excerpt - page 125: "... Newnes Electrical Power Engineerandbook 125 Frequency converter Rotor Stator Fig. 5.21 Slip energy recovery induction generator of this scheme is that the power rating of the electronic converter from eqn 5.9 is (slip [.multiply] stator power generated). ..."
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Bebop to the Boolean Boogie: An Unconventional Guide to Electronics, Second Edition
Clive Maxfield

International Electronic Countermeasures Handbook: 2000 Edition
Journal of Electronic Defense

International Electronic Countermeasures Handbook: 2003
Journal of Electronic Defense

Electronic Noses & Sensory Array Based Systems
1998, Baltimore, M.D.) International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic Nose (5th and W. Jeffrey Hurst

EMC for Product Designers, Third Edition
Tim Williams

Excerpt - page 20: "... industry itself and by consumers. Unfortunately this is also the frequency band in which electronic power converters - not just switch-mode power supplies, but variable speed motor ..."
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The Induction Machine Handbook
Ion Boldea and Syed A. Nasar

Excerpt - page 1: "... home appliances, are fed from the local single phase a.c. power grids. Induction motors are rugged ... grids, some are supplied through frequency changers (or power electronics converters) to provide variable speed. In developed countries, 10% of all ..."
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Software Architectures for Product Families: International Workshop IW-SAPF-3. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, March 15-17, 2000 Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
Frank van der Linden

Excerpt - page 31: "... ideas presented here is only based on our work with frequency converters. We have not found a ... A frequency converter is an electronic power conversion device used to control shaft speed or torque of ..."
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Optimization and Inverse Problems in Electromagnetism
Marek Rudnicki and Slawomir Wiak

Excerpt - page 288: "... silicon iron laminations which have dominated magnetic circuits at low frequency applications (50 Hz) present disadvantages in high frequencies enabled by power electronic converter developments (a few kHz) due to the high iron losses ..."
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